Vietnam Manufacturing
How Vietnam became the factory floor for Nike, Samsung, and Intel — without ever building a single global brand of its own.
Factories were leaving China, labor costs rose, environmental regulations tightened, supply chains wanted alternatives. Vietnam saw an opportunity and moved deliberately to capture it. The government relaxed tariffs, invested in port infrastructure, cut corporate taxes, made it easier to hire. Vietnam became the obvious alternative to Chinese manufacturing. Samsung built its largest mobile phone factory in Vietnam. Nike built its largest shoe factory there. Apparel, electronics, sporting goods companies established massive operations. Vietnam's workforce was young, trainable, and cheap. Port capacity existed. Political stability mattered. GDP growth hit 6% to 7% annually for two decades.
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